The territory of the Ao Nagas is located in the Northeastern part of India between 26.12 and 26.45 degree North Latitude and 94.18º and 94.50º East Longitude respectively. The altitude of the Ao land is between 155 to 2000 meters above sea level. Mokokchung town is the administrative headquarters situated at a height of about 1325.08 meters above sea level.

The main festivals of Aos are Moatsu celebrated in the first week of May and Tsungrem Mong celebrated during first week of August every year. The population of the district according to the 2001 census was 1,58,374 person with the density of population at 141 persons per sq. km. And the sex ratio stands at 919 females per 1000 males. The literacy rate is 84.27% of the total population, with the female literacy rate at 82.20 % and male at 86.14%.
The Ao land is a pleasant one with long ranges sloping gently down to number of moderate streams. Bordering in the East by Sangtam, Chang, and Phom tribes, in the west the Lotha or Kyong tribe and part of Assam plains. To the North are the Konyak tribe and a portion of the Amguri plains of Assam; to the south the Semas or Sumi tribe bound the Ao land. The territory is made up of ranges, running in a northeasterly direction with an island plateau in the heart of it.

The land enjoys a monsoon type of climate with a difference. The difference is that unlike the adjoining plains of Assam, here the winter is cold and summer is mild. In winter the night temperature comes down to 2ºC in January and February, which are the coldest months. In summer it is not at all hot but rather it is cold in comparison to the adjoining plains of Assam. The temperature does not rise beyond 32ºC (90ºF) and the average summer temperature is 27ºC Rainfall is on the average 2500mm and it falls for nine months of the year with the heaviest concentration in July and August.